This is difficult because of different cultures between navies and changes in titles over time.
If you look at my 1st ref, you will see that flotiljemester (Chief Petty Officer) Erichsen is the senior rating in KNM Otto Sverdrup with title 'skipssersjant'.
In the Royal Navy, the Senior Non-commissioned Rank in big ships is called the 'Executive Warrant Officer'(see ref 2). In smaller ships s/he is called the Executive Chief Petty Officer, or Executive Petty Officer, depending on her/is substantive rating. (This probably holds true for the Canadian, Australian and NZ navies). The title 'Master-at-Arms' is no longer used.
In the USN the Senior Non-commissioned Rank onboard is called the Command Master Chief Petty Officer. A Master at-Arms is a speciality responsible for security in ships and shore establishments (https://www.cool.navy.mil/usn/enlisted/ma.htm).
As duties between the navies vary, I think "Senior Rating onboard" would be the safest translation ('senior enlisted sailor onboard' for US English).

I suspect the Norwegian-English Military Dictionary was compiled when the senior rating onboard RN ships was indeed the Master-at-Arms, but this rating was superceded in 2006.