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Spanish to English: The effectiveness of Food Supplements.doc General field: Science Detailed field: Nutrition
Source text - Spanish Las autoridades sanitarias del Reino Unido se expresan de manera similar acerca de los productos como el ginseng, la condroitina, la glucosamina, la equinácea, la creatinina, los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, entre muchos otros. A pesar de que algunos de éstos se encuentran de manera natural en los alimentos que consumimos, y su función en nuestro metabolismo está comprobada (como es el caso de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados), el Servicio Nacional de Salud (NHS) del Reino Unido alerta que su consumo aislado –es decir, en forma de suplementos– no ha demostrado evidencia suficiente de su efectividad, por lo que no recomienda su uso a la población en general.
No cabe duda de que la manera ideal de mantenernos saludables es mediante una alimentación correcta (véase el Recuadro 1) y la práctica recurrente de actividad física, aunada a un estilo de vida saludable; esto incluye evitar el estrés y alejarse de sustancias nocivas, como el alcohol, la nicotina y otras drogas. Ciertamente, una alimentación adecuada que se ajusta a nuestros requerimientos individuales nos proporciona todos los macronutrimentos (hidratos de carbono, proteínas y lípidos) y micronutrimentos (vitaminas y minerales) necesarios para el funcionamiento correcto de nuestro metabolismo.
No obstante, hay grupos de la población que tienen requerimientos distintos a los de un individuo promedio, como las mujeres embarazadas o que están proporcionando lactancia materna, los atletas de alto rendimiento, las personas sometidas a altos niveles de estrés, o bien los adultos mayores, en quienes el metabolismo ha cambiado de tal forma que la alimentación debe ajustarse para cubrir las demandas adicionales, so pena de presentar carencias. Además, desafortunadamente algunas personas, por distintas razones (situación económica, desconocimiento, restricciones alimentarias, enfermedades, pérdida de apetito, etcétera), no logran cubrir los requerimientos necesarios para gozar de una alimentación correcta, por lo que pueden presentar carencias nutricionales de distintos tipos y padecer enfermedad.
Translation - English UK and Mexican health authorities express similar reservations regarding the perceived health benefits of food supplements such as ginseng, chondroitin, glucosamine, echinacea, creatine, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, among others. Despite some of these being naturally available food sources in our diet and their proven function in our body (as in the case of polyunsaturated fatty acids), the NHS warns against taking these supplements in isolation instead of as part of a balanced diet. There is insufficient evidence of their effectiveness; consequently, they are not recommended for general public consumption.
Undeniably, a balanced diet (see figure 1), regular physical exercise, a healthy lifestyle, and avoiding stress and harmful substances such as alcohol, nicotine and other drugs is the ideal way to stay healthy. Obviously, a balanced diet that meets an individual needs should provide all the necessary macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) required for a healthy functioning metabolism.
However, there are certain groups whose individual nutritional requirements will vary from the average person, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, elite athletes, those experiencing high-stress levels or the elderly. In these circumstances, their metabolism or requirements have changed, so their nutritional intake needs to adapt to compensate for subsequent additional demands and to avoid deficiencies. Unfortunately, for various reasons (economic situation, lack of awareness, restricted diet, illness, loss of appetite, etc.), some cannot meet their daily requirements and, consequently, show nutritional deficiencies or a greater susceptibility to illness.
Spanish to English: The Cartography of the Cosmos General field: Science
Source text - Spanish La Cartografía del Cosmos
Existen cientos de millones de estrellas en nuestra galaxia Vía Láctea. Las estimaciones indican una cantidad similar de galaxias en nuestro universo observable, cada una dispone de su propio conjunto de estrellas, muchas tienen sus propios sistemas planetarios. Más allá de estas estrellas y galaxias hay toda manera de materia en fases diferentes, tal como el gas y el polvo. La materia oscura existe de otra forma misteriosa, se nota su presencia de forma indirecta solo a partir de los efectos gravitacionales.
Es este el universo que Salman Habib trata de reconstruir, estructura por estructura, al utilizar observaciones precisas de encuestas telescópicas junto con el análisis de datos de nueva generación y las técnicas de simulación que se prepara para la informática de cálculo exaescala.
«Simulamos todos los procesos de la estructura y de la formación del universo. Es como resolver un rompecabezas de la física muy grande,» dijo Habib, un físico experimentado y científico de computación con High Energy Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science en el Departamento de Asuntos Energéticos de los Estados Unidos (DOE) en Argonne National Laboratory.
Habib dirige el proyecto ‘Computing the Sky at Extreme Scales’ o ‘ExaSky’ uno de los primeros proyectos financiado por el recién establecido proyecto ‘Exascale Computing Project’ (ECP), una colaboración entre La Oficina de Ciencias de DOE y La Administración Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear del Departamento de Energía de Estados Unidos.
Desde determinar la causa inicial de fluctuaciones primordiales hasta medir la suma de todas las masas neutrinos, los objetivos de este proyecto científico representan una lista extensa de las preguntas más grandes, de los misterios y desafíos que confunden hoy en día a los cosmólogos.
Hay la cuestión de la energía oscura, la causa potencial de la velocidad de la expansión del universo, llamada la inflación. Otra cuestión es la naturaleza y la
distribución de la materia oscura por el universo.
Argonne National Laboratory. (2017, September 26). Cartography of the Cosmos. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 13, 2017 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/09/170926091658.htm
Translation - English Cartography of the Cosmos
There are hundreds of billions of stars in our own Milky Way galaxy. Estimates indicate a similar number of galaxies in the observable universe, each with its own large assemblage of stars, many with their own planetary systems. Beyond and between these stars and galaxies are all manner of matter in various phases, such as gas and dust. Another form of matter, dark matter, exists in a very different and mysterious form, announcing its presence indirectly only through its gravitational effects.
This is the universe Salman Habib is trying to reconstruct, structure by structure, using precise observations from telescope surveys combined with next-generation data analysis and simulation techniques currently primed for exascale computing.
"We are simulating all the processes in the structure and formation of the universe. It is like solving a vast physics puzzle," said Habib, a senior physicist and computational scientist with the High Energy Physics and Mathematics and Computer Science divisions of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory.
Habib leads the "Computing the Sky at Extreme Scales" project or "ExaSky," one of the first projects funded by the recently established Exascale Computing Project (ECP), a collaborative effort between DOE's Office of Science and its National Nuclear Security Administration.
From determining the initial cause of primordial fluctuations to measuring the sum of all neutrino masses, this project's science objectives represent a laundry list of the biggest questions, mysteries and challenges currently confounding cosmologists.
There is the question of dark energy, the potential cause of the universe's accelerated expansion, called inflation. Another question is the nature and distribution of dark matter in the universe.
Argonne National Laboratory. (2017, September 26). Cartography of the Cosmos. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 13, 2017, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/09/170926091658.htm
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